Shoulder procedure information
Shoulder instability
Shoulder instability occurs when the shoulder joint becomes prone to slipping, partially dislocating or fully dislocating. Symptoms may include pain, weakness, clicking, loss of confidence in the shoulder or a feeling that the joint may ‘give way’ during movement or sport.
Assessment and diagnosis
Assessment begins with a detailed discussion of symptoms, previous injuries, shoulder function and treatment goals, followed by examination of movement, strength and joint stability. Imaging such as X-rays, MRI or CT scanning may be recommended to assess the soft tissues and bone around the shoulder joint and help guide treatment decisions.
Non-surgical options
Non-operative treatment may include physiotherapy, rehabilitation exercises and activity modification aimed at improving shoulder strength, stability and control. Many patients achieve satisfactory shoulder function without surgery, while others continue to experience repeated instability episodes or ongoing symptoms.
Surgical treatment options
Surgical treatment may be considered when instability persists despite rehabilitation or when recurrent dislocations and structural injury increase the risk of ongoing shoulder problems. Depending on the condition being treated, surgery may involve repairing damaged soft tissues, stabilising the joint or addressing bone loss contributing to instability.
Recovery after treatment
Recovery varies between patients and depends on the type of instability and the procedure performed. Physiotherapy and rehabilitation are commonly recommended following treatment to help restore shoulder movement, strength and stability. Return to sport and higher-demand activities may take several months depending on recovery progress.
Risks and considerations
All procedures carry risks. Potential risks associated with shoulder instability treatment may include infection, bleeding, stiffness, recurrent instability, nerve irritation, persistent pain or the need for further treatment. Specific risks and expected outcomes are discussed during consultation.
Frequently asked questions
Does shoulder instability always require surgery?
No. Many patients improve with physiotherapy and rehabilitation focused on shoulder stability and muscle control. Surgery may be considered when instability persists or repeated dislocations continue to occur.
Can the shoulder dislocate again after treatment?
Recurrent instability can still occur after treatment, although the likelihood varies depending on the severity of instability, patient activity levels and the type of treatment performed.